一、非谓语动词基本分类与用法
动词不定式(to do) 表示将来、目的或抽象动作,可作主语、宾语、定语或状语。例如:
- I want to...(主语)
- The purpose of the plan is to...(定语)
动名词(doing)
表示主动或持续动作,多用于感官动词(如feel, listen)和be动词后作宾语。例如:
- I enjoy reading books.(动名词作宾语)
- The problem lies in...(动名词作主语)
过去分词(done)
表示被动或完成状态,常用于被动语态和完成时态。例如:
- The cake was baked by my friend.(被动语态)
- The movie has been finished already.(完成时态)
二、特殊动词后接非谓语动词
后接不定式
- want, hope, wish, agree, decide, mean, manage, promise, expect, pretend
- 例:He promised to help with the project.
后接动名词
- enjoy, spend, be busy, imagine, can't help, feel like
- 例:She spends her time practicing the piano.
后接过去分词
- stop, give up, risk, avoid, require, look forward to
- 例:We had to stop the meeting.
三、易混淆点辨析
不定式与动名词: 动词后接不定式表示计划或目的(如want to),接动名词表示习惯或状态(如enjoy doing)。 例:He wants to travel. vs. He enjoys traveling. 过去分词作状语
表示时间(如having finished)、原因(如due to)、结果(如resulting in)等。 例:
Having finished the task, we started the meeting.
The meeting was postponed due to the weather.
四、记忆口诀辅助
主动/被动/完成:
动词后接不定式(主动),动名词(主动),过去分词(被动)。 例:He decidesto...(主动)
特殊动词群:
通过口诀记忆:
停止/放弃:stop, give up
要求完成:require, finish
情态动词:can't help, insist
通过以上分类、用法及记忆技巧,可系统掌握非谓语动词的用法。建议结合例句练习,加深理解。