一、基本结构与引导词
关系代词：
who（主格/宾格）、that
- 例：The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor.（先行词：girl，关系代词who作主语）
- 例：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.（先行词：man，关系代词whom作宾语）
关系副词：
whose（定语）、when（时间）、where（地点）、why（原因）
- 例：This is the house whose windows face the south.（先行词：house，关系副词whose作定语）
- 例：The day when we met was unforgettable.（先行词：day，关系副词when作定语）
二、典型用法与注意事项
关系代词替代规则 - 作主语：who, that
- 作宾语：who, whom, that
- 省略情况：关系代词作宾语时可省略
- 例：I’ve worked with the wonderful people who make work enjoyable.（who作主语，可省略）
关系副词用法
- 修饰时间：when（如：The meeting that started at 3 PM）
- 修饰地点：where（如：The restaurant where we had dinner）
- 修饰原因：why（如：The reason why he was late is unknown）
三、复杂结构扩展
嵌套定语从句
- 例：The book that I borrowed from the library, which was written by a famous author, is fascinating.（包含两个定语从句，第一个关系代词that，第二个关系代词which）
非限制性定语从句
- 例：Tom, the boy who helped you yesterday, is my neighbor.（用逗号与主句分隔，关系代词who指代Tom）
四、易混淆点辨析
that与which： that可指人或物，which仅指物 whose
通过以上例句和解析，可系统掌握修饰人的定语从句的用法，提升英语表达的准确性和丰富性。
